> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://flutteruniversity.gitbook.io/docs/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://flutteruniversity.gitbook.io/docs/learn-flutter/intermediate/persistence.md).

# Persistence

Data persistence is crucial for maintaining data across app launches. Flutter offers several options for data persistence, and one of the most common is using the `shared_preferences` package for storing simple data, and the `sqflite` package for more complex or structured data.

## 1. Shared Preferences 🔄

For simple data storage, `shared_preferences` is a great choice. It allows you to store simple data in key-value pairs.

### Setup:

Add the `shared_preferences` package to your `pubspec.yaml` file:

```yaml
dependencies:
  flutter:
    sdk: flutter
  shared_preferences: ^2.2.2
```

### Usage:

```dart
import 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';

Future<void> saveName() async {
  SharedPreferences prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();
  await prefs.setString('name', 'John Doe');
}

Future<String?> getName() async {
  SharedPreferences prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();
  return prefs.getString('name');
}
```

## 2. SQLite with sqflite 🗄️

For more structured data, you might want to use a local database such as SQLite.

### Setup:

Add the `sqflite` and `path_provider` packages to your `pubspec.yaml` file:

```yaml
dependencies:
  flutter:
    sdk: flutter
  sqflite: ^2.3.0
  path_provider: ^2.1.1
```

### Usage:

```dart
import 'package:path_provider/path_provider.dart';
import 'package:sqflite/sqflite.dart';

Future<Database> getDatabase() async {
  final directory = await getApplicationDocumentsDirectory();
  final path = directory.path + 'app.db';
  return openDatabase(
    path,
    version: 1,
    onCreate: (db, version) {
      db.execute('CREATE TABLE Users(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT)');
    },
  );
}

Future<void> addUser(String name) async {
  final db = await getDatabase();
  await db.insert('Users', {'name': name});
}

Future<List<Map<String, dynamic>>> getUsers() async {
  final db = await getDatabase();
  return db.query('Users');
}
```

***

## Complete Example Code 📜

Here's a simple example demonstrating how to use `sqflite` or `shared_preference` for data persistence in Flutter:

{% tabs %}
{% tab title="shared\_preferences" %}

```dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      home: SharedPreferencesExample(),
    );
  }
}

class SharedPreferencesExample extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _SharedPreferencesExampleState createState() => _SharedPreferencesExampleState();
}

class _SharedPreferencesExampleState extends State<SharedPreferencesExample> {
  final _nameController = TextEditingController();
  String _name = '';

  Future<void> _saveName() async {
    SharedPreferences prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();
    await prefs.setString('name', _nameController.text);
  }

  Future<void> _loadName() async {
    SharedPreferences prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();
    setState(() {
      _name = prefs.getString('name') ?? 'No name saved';
    });
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text('Shared Preferences Example'),
      ),
      body: Padding(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16.0),
        child: Column(
          children: <Widget>[
            TextField(
              controller: _nameController,
              decoration: InputDecoration(labelText: 'Name'),
            ),
            SizedBox(height: 20),
            ElevatedButton(
              onPressed: _saveName,
              child: Text('Save Name'),
            ),
            ElevatedButton(
              onPressed: _loadName,
              child: Text('Load Name'),
            ),
            SizedBox(height: 20),
            Text('Saved Name: $_name'),
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="sqflite" %}

```dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:path_provider/path_provider.dart';
import 'package:sqflite/sqflite.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      home: SQLiteExample(),
    );
  }
}

class SQLiteExample extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _SQLiteExampleState createState() => _SQLiteExampleState();
}

class _SQLiteExampleState extends State<SQLiteExample> {
  final _nameController = TextEditingController();
  Database? _database;
  List<Map<String, dynamic>> _users = [];

  Future<void> _initDatabase() async {
    final directory = await getApplicationDocumentsDirectory();
    final path = directory.path + 'app.db';
    _database = await openDatabase(
      path,
      version: 1,
      onCreate: (db, version) {
        return db.execute('CREATE TABLE Users(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT)');
      },
    );
  }

  Future<void> _addUser() async {
    await _database?.insert('Users', {'name': _nameController.text});
    _loadUsers();
  }

  Future<void> _loadUsers() async {
    final users = await _database?.query('Users');
    setState(() {
      _users = users ?? [];
    });
  }

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    _initDatabase().then((_) => _loadUsers());
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text('SQLite Example'),
      ),
      body: Padding(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16.0),
        child: Column(
          children: <Widget>[
            TextField(
              controller: _nameController,
              decoration: InputDecoration(labelText: 'Name'),
            ),
            SizedBox(height: 20),
            ElevatedButton(
              onPressed: _addUser,
              child: Text('Add User'),
            ),
            Expanded(
              child: ListView.builder(
                itemCount: _users.length,
                itemBuilder: (context, index) {
                  final user = _users[index];
                  return ListTile(
                    title: Text(user['name'] ?? ''),
                  );
                },
              ),
            ),
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

```

{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}

***

## Assignments 📝

* [ ] Create an app that uses `shared_preferences` to save and load a user's name.
* [ ] Create an app that uses `sqflite` to save, load, and display a list of users.


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